Continuous glucose monitoring replaces finger-prick testing with a small subcutaneous sensor that records interstitial glucose every 5 minutes, generating a dynamic 24-hour glucose profile. KG Hospital is among Tamil Nadu's highest-volume CGM centres with dedicated sensor initiation clinics, remote monitoring setup and structured ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) interpretation.
Understanding Diabetes
Types of Diabetes We Treat
KG Hospital manages the full spectrum of diabetes mellitus — from early-stage prediabetes and gestational diabetes to complex insulin-dependent Type 1 and advanced Type 2 disease with complications.
Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune Insulin Deficiency
Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells requiring lifelong insulin replacement. KG Hospital specialises in advanced CSII therapy and CGM-guided management.
- Insulin pump (CSII) initiation & optimisation
- Closed-loop / hybrid closed-loop therapy
- Paediatric & adolescent diabetes clinic
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) emergency care
Type 2 Diabetes
Insulin Resistance & Relative Deficiency
The most prevalent form — driven by lifestyle, genetics and metabolic syndrome. Our intensive management includes modern non-insulin agents and structured reversal pathways.
- GLP-1 agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors
- Basal-bolus insulin intensification
- Cardiovascular risk reduction
- Diabetes reversal for eligible patients
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Pregnancy-Onset Glucose Intolerance
Glucose intolerance first recognised during pregnancy. KG Hospital's joint obstetric-diabetology clinic ensures safe glucose control for mother and baby.
- 75g OGTT screening at 24–28 weeks
- CGM for real-time gestational glucose tracking
- Insulin and metformin safety in pregnancy
- Postpartum T2D surveillance programme
Prediabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
Reversible High-Risk State
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are highly reversible with structured intervention — we aim to prevent 100% of progressions.
- Intensive lifestyle intervention programme
- Pharmacological prevention when indicated
- Waist-hip ratio, HOMA-IR and metabolic panel
- 6-monthly HbA1c and OGTT surveillance
Clinical Procedures
Treatments & Procedures
Our diabetes care team deploys the latest pharmacological and device-based therapies alongside structured nutrition, psychology and exercise medicine.
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Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
FreeStyle Libre, Dexcom G6/G7 — real-time glucose visibility
Signature
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FreeStyle Libre 2 & 3 — factory-calibrated flash CGM
Dexcom G6/G7 — real-time CGM with predictive alerts
Time-in-Range (TIR) >70% as primary therapeutic target
Remote monitoring for parents of T1D children
Professional CGM for blinded diagnostic assessments
Compatible with insulin pump closed-loop systems
💡 Why CGM changes diabetes management
Patients using CGM reduce HbA1c by 0.5–1.5% compared to finger-prick testing alone, while reducing hypoglycaemic episodes by up to 40%. KG Hospital's CGM programme includes structured education on reading glucose trends, not just numbers.
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Insulin Optimisation & Intensification
Basal-bolus, premix, once-weekly insulins — all regimens
Expert Care
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Insulin therapy has evolved dramatically — ultra-long-acting basals (insulin degludec, glargine U300), ultra-rapid meal-time analogues (insulin aspart, lispro), and once-weekly basal insulins (insulin icodec) now enable highly personalised regimens. Our endocrinologists individualise therapy based on CGM data, lifestyle patterns and complication risk.
Insulin degludec (Tresiba) — once-daily ultra-long basal
Ultra-rapid Fiasp, Lispro-aabc for meal coverage
Insulin icodec — once-weekly basal initiation
Smart insulin pen (NovoPen 6) with memory & connectivity
Carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (I:C) education
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Modern Non-Insulin Therapy
GLP-1, SGLT-2, DPP-4 — cardio-renal protective agents
Evidence-Based
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Modern diabetes pharmacotherapy goes beyond glucose lowering — GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular events and promote weight loss, while SGLT-2 inhibitors protect kidneys and reduce heart failure hospitalisation. Our team tailors therapy based on cardiovascular risk, kidney function, weight and patient preference.
GLP-1 agonists — semaglutide (Ozempic/Rybelsus), dulaglutide
SGLT-2 inhibitors — dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin
Tirzepatide (GIP/GLP-1) dual agonist — newest addition
DPP-4 inhibitors — sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin
Cardio-renal protection monitoring & dose optimisation
⭐ First in Tamil Nadu
- Among first 5 centres in Tamil Nadu to initiate tirzepatide in clinical practice (2023)
- KG Hospital SGLT-2 inhibitor prescribing audit published in JAPI (2022)
Advanced Device Therapy
Insulin Pump Therapy (CSII)
KG Hospital operates Tamil Nadu's most experienced insulin pump programme — managing over 200 active pump patients with dedicated pump nurses, 24h helpline and structured initiation protocols.
🏆 Tamil Nadu First — Paediatric CSII Programme
KG Hospital initiated Tamil Nadu's first dedicated paediatric insulin pump programme in 2009. Our team has successfully transitioned over 150 children with Type 1 diabetes to CSII therapy, with 30% achieving TIR >70%.
Comparing Insulin Delivery Methods
| Parameter | Insulin Pump (CSII) | Multiple Daily Injections | Premixed Insulin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dosing Flexibility | Maximum | High | Limited |
| HbA1c Reduction | 0.5–1.0% extra | Moderate | Variable |
| Hypoglycaemia Risk | Lowest | Moderate | Highest |
| Lifestyle Freedom | Excellent | Good | Restricted |
| Cost | Higher | Moderate | Lowest |
| Learning Curve | Training required | Moderate | Simple |
Multidisciplinary Foot Care
Diabetic Foot Clinic
KG Hospital's Diabetic Foot Clinic is one of the most comprehensive in Tamil Nadu — combining diabetology, vascular surgery, orthopaedics, podiatry and wound care to achieve a 98% limb salvage rate.
⚠️ Warning Signs — Seek Urgent Care
Non-healing wound or ulcer on foot / leg
Blackening or dark discolouration of toes
Redness, warmth or swelling of foot
Numbness, tingling or loss of sensation in feet
Pus discharge or foul odour from foot wound
Pain at rest or at night in foot / calf
✅ Our Foot Clinic Services
Diabetic Neuropathy Assessment (MNSI, VPT, 10g monofilament)
Peripheral arterial disease (ABI, Doppler, angiogram)
Wound debridement & advanced wound therapies
Total contact casting (TCC) for plantar offloading
Endovascular angioplasty for critical limb ischaemia
Custom therapeutic footwear prescription
Endocrinology
Thyroid & Hormonal Disorders
Beyond diabetes, our endocrinologists manage the full spectrum of hormonal diseases — thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, gonads and metabolic bone disease.
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Thyroid Disorders
Hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis
Specialist
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Thyroid disease is the second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes in India. KG Hospital offers comprehensive thyroid evaluation including high-resolution thyroid ultrasound, FNAC for nodules, radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake studies and biochemical monitoring. Graves' disease is managed medically, with surgical and RAI options coordinated with the endocrine surgery team.
TSH, free T4/T3, thyroid antibodies (TPO, TgAb, TSHRAb)
High-resolution thyroid USG (Doppler for vascularity)
USG-guided FNAC for thyroid nodules
Antithyroid drugs — carbimazole, propylthiouracil
RAI therapy coordination (I-131)
Subclinical hypothyroidism management in pregnancy
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PCOS & Female Endocrinology
Polycystic ovary syndrome, hirsutism, menstrual disorders
Subspecialty
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PCOS affects 1 in 5 women in India and is the leading cause of female infertility and a major T2D risk factor. Our PCOS clinic combines endocrinology, gynaecology and nutrition to address insulin resistance, androgen excess, cycle irregularity and fertility concerns.
Rotterdam criteria diagnosis — USG + androgens + history
Insulin sensitisers — metformin, inositol
Anti-androgen therapy — spironolactone, flutamide
Menstrual cycle regulation and fertility counselling
Long-term T2D and cardiovascular risk management
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Adrenal & Pituitary Disorders
Cushing's, Addison's, acromegaly, hyperprolactinaemia
Rare & Complex
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Rare but serious endocrine conditions including Cushing's syndrome, primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's), acromegaly and pituitary adenomas require subspecialty expertise. KG Hospital's endocrinologists work closely with neurosurgery, urology and oncology for multidisciplinary management.
24h urinary cortisol, overnight DST for Cushing's
IGF-1, OGTT GH suppression for acromegaly
Synacthen stimulation test for adrenal insufficiency
Pituitary MRI protocol interpretation
Cabergoline, bromocriptine for prolactinomas
Lifestyle Medicine
Diabetes Reversal Programme
KG Hospital's structured Diabetes Reversal Programme is based on the Counterpoint / DiRECT trial methodology — combining intensive caloric restriction, medical nutrition therapy, supervised exercise and metabolic monitoring to achieve drug-free remission in eligible Type 2 diabetes patients.
🎯 Who qualifies for reversal?
Patients with Type 2 diabetes diagnosed within the past 6 years, BMI >27 kg/m², no severe diabetic complications, motivated for lifestyle change, and not on insulin for more than 12 months may qualify for our reversal programme assessment.
Programme Pathway
1
Comprehensive Assessment
HbA1c, fasting insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, renal function, CGM baseline, DEXA body composition. Dietitian, psychologist and endocrinologist review.
⏱ Week 1 — 2 clinic visits
2
Intensive Caloric Phase
800–900 kcal/day formula diet or very low carbohydrate diet for 8–12 weeks. Weekly CGM review, medication de-escalation as glucose normalises.
⏱ Weeks 2–12 — weekly monitoring
3
Food Reintroduction
Structured reintroduction of whole foods over 6 weeks with dietitian support. Personalised Mediterranean-style eating plan. Exercise physiology-guided activity programme.
⏱ Weeks 13–20
4
Remission Assessment
HbA1c ≤6.5% without glucose-lowering medication for ≥3 months = remission (ADA 2021 criteria). CGM time-in-range confirmed. Celebrate and plan long-term maintenance.
⏱ Month 6 — HbA1c + CGM assessment
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Long-Term Maintenance
3-monthly follow-ups for 2 years. Annual HbA1c, CGM review and relapse prevention. Peer support group & app-based monitoring available.
⏱ Ongoing — 3-monthly reviews
Screening & Prevention
Diabetes Risk Assessment
Know your risk. Annual screening is recommended for anyone over 35 in India — earlier if you have risk factors below.
⚠️ High-Risk — Screen Now
BMI >25 kg/m² (or >23 for Asian Indians)
Family history — parent or sibling with T2D
Gestational diabetes or baby >4 kg at birth
PCOS, hypertension, or dyslipidaemia
Physical inactivity, sedentary profession
🔬 Screening Tests We Offer
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
HbA1c — no fasting required
75g 2-hour OGTT (gold standard)
Fasting insulin + HOMA-IR (insulin resistance)
Full metabolic panel — lipids, uric acid, liver enzymes
What to Expect
Your Patient Journey
From your first consultation through to long-term diabetes management, here's how we care for you.
1
Initial Consultation
Complete diabetes history, complication screening, medication review and glycaemic target setting. CGM or HbA1c ordered if not available.
⏱ 45–60 min · Consultant diabetologist
2
Investigations
HbA1c, FPG, PPBG, lipids, kidney function (eGFR, ACR), urine microalbumin, ECG, fundus photography, foot assessment — all in-house.
⏱ Results within 24 h
3
Personalised Treatment Plan
Individualised glucose targets, medication optimisation, CGM initiation if appropriate, dietitian referral and self-management education (DSMES).
⏱ At follow-up — 2 weeks post-investigation
4
Allied Health Support
Diabetes nurse educator, clinical dietitian, exercise physiologist and diabetes psychologist form your extended care team for holistic support.
⏱ Ongoing — parallel to medical management
5
Regular Monitoring & Complication Checks
3-monthly HbA1c. Annual comprehensive review: eyes (fundus), kidneys (ACR + eGFR), feet (neuropathy + ABI), heart (ECG, stress test if indicated).
⏱ 3-monthly HbA1c · Annual full review
