Phases of Clinical Trials

Step by Step

From First Study to Everyday Use

Each phase builds on the one before. The number of participants grows as confidence in the treatment’s safety increases, and monitoring continues even after the treatment is approved.

Phase I

Safety & Dosage

“Is it safe, and what dose is right?”

Tests safety, how the treatment works in the body, the safe dose range, and identifies side effects in a small group of participants.

  • Safety
  • How it works in the body
  • Safe dose range
  • Side effects
Small group
Phase II

Effectiveness & Safety

“Does it work?”

Evaluates how well the treatment works and continues to monitor safety in a larger group.

  • How well it works
  • Ongoing safety monitoring
Larger group
Phase III

Confirmation & Comparison

“Is it better than what we use today?”

Confirms effectiveness, monitors side effects, and compares the new treatment with standard treatments in large populations.

  • Confirms effectiveness
  • Monitors side effects
  • Compares with standard treatment
Large populations
Phase IV

Post-Marketing Surveillance

“How does it perform in everyday life?”

Conducted after approval to collect long-term safety, benefits, risks, and optimal use in real-world settings.

  • Long-term safety
  • Benefits and risks
  • Optimal use in real-world settings
Real-world use
For Participants

Your Safety Comes First — In Every Phase

Whichever phase you are invited to join, the same protections apply at KG Hospital.

Informed, voluntary consent

The study team explains the trial, its possible benefits and risks before you decide. Taking part is your choice, and consent materials are available in English and Tamil.

Independent ethics oversight

Every study is reviewed and continuously overseen by an Ethics Committee and follows ICH-GCP E6(R3) and the NDCT Rules, 2019.

Care on site

Dedicated emergency and critical care facilities are available at the hospital, and adverse events are managed and reported as required.

Phase II–IV trial experience at KG HospitalOur Clinical Research Centre has conducted National, International and Government-funded trials since 2003.

85+
Phase II–IV Trials
15+
Therapeutic Areas
750+
Subjects Enrolled
Resources

Learn More Before You Decide

Download this guide, read about your rights as a participant, or speak with our Clinical Research Centre team.

Download Guide (PDF) Participant Rights Informed Consent Process Our Research Portfolio Contact the Team